C++ Primer 11 Exercise

01

// randwalk1.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <fstream>
#include "vect.h"

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	using VECTOR::Vector;
	srand(time(0));
	double direction;
	Vector step;
	Vector result(0.0, 0.0);
	unsigned long steps = 0;
	double target;
	double dstep;
	ofstream fout;

	fout.open("thewalk.txt");
	cout << "목표 거리를 입력하십시오(끝내려면 q) : ";
	while (cin >> target)
	{
		cout << "보폭을 입력하십시오 : ";
		if (!(cin >> dstep))
			break;
		
		fout << "목표 거리 : " << target << ", 보폭 : " << dstep << endl;
		fout << steps << " : " << result << endl;
		while (result.magval() < target)
		{
			direction = rand() % 360;
			step.reset(dstep, direction, Vector::POL);
			result = result + step;
			steps++;
			fout << steps << " : " << result << endl;
		}
		fout << steps << " 걸음을 걸은 후 술고래의 현재 위치 : \n";
		fout << result << endl;
		result.polar_mode();
		fout << " 또는\n" << result << endl;
		fout << "걸음당 기둥에서 벗어난 평균 거리 = "
			 << result.magval()/steps << endl;
		steps = 0;
		result.reset(0.0, 0.0);
		cout << "목표 거리를 입력하십시오(끝내려면 q) : ";
	}

	cout << "프로그램을 종료합니다.\n";
	cin.clear();
	while (cin.get() != '\n')
		continue;
	return 0;
}

02

// vect1.h

#ifndef VECT1_H_
#define VECT1_H_
#include <iostream>

namespace VECTOR
{
	class Vector
	{
		public:
			enum Mode {RECT, POL};
		private:
			double x;
			double y;
			Mode mode;
		public:
			Vector();
			Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT);
			void reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT);
			~Vector();
			double xval() const {return x;};
			double yval() const {return y;};
			double magval() const;
			double angval() const;
			void polar_mode();
			void rect_mode();
			Vector operator+(const Vector & b) const;
			Vector operator-(const Vector & b) const;
			Vector operator-() const;
			Vector operator*(double n) const;
			friend Vector operator*(double n, const Vector & a);
			friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Vector & v);
	};
}

#endif

// vect1.cpp

#include <cmath>
#include "vect1.h"

using std::sqrt;
using std::sin;
using std::cos;
using std::atan;
using std::atan2;
using std::cout;

namespace VECTOR
{
	const double Rad_to_deg = 45.0 / atan(1.0);

	double Vector::magval() const 
	{
		return sqrt(x * x + y * y);
	}
	
	double Vector::angval() const
	{
		if (x == 0.0 && y == 0.0)
			return 0.0;
		else
			return atan2(y, x);
	}

	Vector::Vector()
	{
		x = y = 0.0;
		mode = RECT;
	}

	Vector::Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form)
	{
		mode = form;
		if (form == RECT)
		{
			x = n1;
			y = n2;
		}
		else if (form == POL)
		{
			double mag = n1;
			double ang = n2 / Rad_to_deg;
			x = mag * cos(ang);
			y = mag * sin(ang);
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Vector()에 전달된 제3의 매개변수가 잘못되었다.\n";
			cout << "그래서 벡터를 0으로 설정하였다.\n";
			x = y = 0.0;
			mode = RECT;
		}
	}

	void Vector::reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form)
	{
		mode = form;
		if (form == RECT)
		{
			x = n1;
			y = n2;
		}
		else if (form == POL)
		{
			double mag = n1;
			double ang = n2 / Rad_to_deg;
			x = mag * cos(ang);
			y = mag * sin(ang);
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Vector()에 전달된 제3의 매개변수가 잘못되었다.\n";
			cout << "그래서 벡터를 0으로 설정하였다.\n";
			x = y = 0.0;
			mode = RECT;
		}
	}

	Vector::~Vector()
	{
	}

	void Vector::polar_mode()
	{
		mode = POL;
	}

	void Vector::rect_mode()
	{
		mode = RECT;
	}

	Vector Vector::operator+(const Vector & b) const
	{
		return Vector(x + b.x, y + b.y);
	}

	Vector Vector::operator-(const Vector & b) const
	{
		return Vector(x - b.x, y - b.y);
	}

	Vector Vector::operator-() const
	{
		return Vector(-x, -y);
	}

	Vector Vector::operator*(double n) const
	{
		return Vector(n * x, n * y);
	}
	
	Vector operator*(double n, const Vector & a)
	{
		return a * n;
	}

	std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Vector & v)
	{
		if (v.mode == Vector::RECT)
			os << "(x,y) = (" << v.x << ", " << v.y << ")";
		else if (v.mode == Vector::POL)
		{
			os << "(m,a) = (" << v.magval() << ", "
			   << v.angval() * Rad_to_deg << ")";
		}
		else
			os << "Vector 객체의 모든 지정이 틀렸습니다.\n";
		return os;
	}
}

03

// usevector.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include "vect.h"

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	using VECTOR::Vector;
	srand(time(0));
	double direction;
	Vector step;
	Vector result(0.0, 0.0);
	unsigned long steps = 0;
	double target;
	double dstep;
	int num;
	double max_step = 0;
	double min_step = INT_MAX;
	double total_step = 0;


	cout << "목표 거리를 입력하십시오 : ";
	cin >> target;
	cout << "보폭을 입력하십시오 : ";
	cin >> dstep;

	cout << "총 몇 번 시도하시겠습니까? : ";
	cin >> num;

	for(int i = 0; i < num; i++)
	{
		while (result.magval() < target)
		{
			direction = rand() % 360;
			step.reset(dstep, direction, Vector::POL);
			result = result + step;
			steps++;
		}
		if (max_step < steps)
			max_step = steps;
		if (min_step > steps)
			min_step = steps;
		total_step += steps;
		steps = 0;
		result.reset(0.0, 0.0);
	}
	cout << "최고 걸음 수 : " << max_step << endl;
	cout << "최저 걸음 수 : " << min_step << endl;
	cout << "평균 걸음 수 : " << total_step / num << endl;

	cout << "프로그램을 종료합니다.\n";
	cin.clear();
	while (cin.get() != '\n')
		continue;
	return 0;
}

04

// mytime4.h

#ifndef MYTIME4_H_
#define MYTIME4_H_
#include <iostream>

class Time
{
	private:
		int hours;
		int minutes;
	public:
		Time();
		Time(int h, int m = 0);
		void AddMin(int m);
		void AddHr(int h);
		void Reset(int h = 0, int m = 0);
		friend Time operator+(const Time & a, const Time & b);
		friend Time operator-(const Time &a, const Time & b);
		friend Time operator*(const Time & t, double n);
		friend Time operator*(double m, const Time & t){ return t * m; };
		friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Time & t);
};

#endif

// mytime4.cpp

#include "mytime4.h"

Time::Time()
{
	hours = minutes = 0;
}

Time::Time(int h, int m)
{
	hours = h;
	minutes = m;
}

void Time::AddMin(int m)
{
	minutes += m;
	hours += minutes / 60;
	minutes %= 60;
}

void Time::AddHr(int h)
{
	hours += h;
}

void Time::Reset(int h, int m)
{
	hours = h;
	minutes = m;
}

Time operator+(const Time & a, const Time & b)
{
	Time sum;
	sum.minutes = a.minutes + b.minutes;
	sum.hours = a.hours + b.hours + sum.minutes / 60;
	sum.minutes %= 60;
	return sum;
}

Time operator-(const Time & a, const Time & b)
{
	Time diff;
	int tot1, tot2;
	tot1 = b.minutes + 60 * b.hours;
	tot2 = a.minutes + 60 * a.hours;
	diff.minutes = (tot2 - tot1) % 60;
	diff.hours = (tot2 - tot1) / 60;
	return diff;
}

Time operator*(const Time & t, double mult)
{
	Time result;
	long totalminutes = t.hours * mult * 60 + t.minutes * mult;
	result.hours = totalminutes / 60;
	result.minutes = totalminutes % 60;
	return result;
}

std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Time & t)
{
	os << t.hours << "시간, " << t.minutes << "분";
	return os;
}

// usetime4.cpp

#include "mytime4.h"

int main()
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;
	Time aida(3, 35);
	Time tosca(2, 48);
	Time temp;

	cout << "Aida와 Tosca:\n";
	cout << aida << "; " << tosca << endl;
	temp = aida + tosca;
	cout << "Aida + Tosca : " << temp << endl;
	temp = aida * 1.17;
	cout << "Aida * 1.17 : " << temp << endl;
	cout << "10 * Tosca : " << 10 * tosca << endl;
	return 0;
}

05

// stonewt2.h

#ifndef STONEWT2_H_
#define STONEWT2_H_

class Stonewt
{
	public:
		enum Mode {STONE, INT_POUND, DOUBLE_POUND};
	private:
		enum {Lbs_per_stn = 14};
		int stone;
		double pds_left;
		double pounds;
		Mode mode;
	public:
		Stonewt(double lbs);
		Stonewt(int stn, double lbs, Mode form = STONE);
		Stonewt();
		~Stonewt();
		void setStnMode(){ mode = STONE; }
        void setIntMode(){ mode = INT_POUND; }
        void setFloatMode(){ mode = DOUBLE_POUND; }
		Stonewt operator+(const Stonewt & s) const;
        Stonewt operator-(const Stonewt & s) const;
        Stonewt operator*(double n) const;
		friend Stonewt operator*(double n, Stonewt & s);
		friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Stonewt & s);
};

#endif

// stonewt2.cpp

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
#include "stonewt2.h"

Stonewt::Stonewt(double lbs)
{
	mode = STONE;
	stone = int(lbs) / Lbs_per_stn;
	pds_left = int(lbs) % Lbs_per_stn + lbs - int(lbs);
	pounds = lbs;
}

Stonewt::Stonewt(int stn, double lbs, Mode form)
{
	mode = form;
	stone = stn;
	pds_left = lbs;
	pounds = stn * Lbs_per_stn + lbs;
}

Stonewt::Stonewt()
{
	mode = STONE;
	stone = pounds = pds_left = 0;
}

Stonewt::~Stonewt()
{
}

Stonewt Stonewt::operator+(const Stonewt & s) const
{
    return Stonewt(pounds + s.pounds);
}
Stonewt Stonewt::operator-(const Stonewt & s) const
{
    return Stonewt(pounds - s.pounds);
}
Stonewt Stonewt::operator*(double n) const
{
    return Stonewt(pounds * n);
}
Stonewt operator*(double n, Stonewt & s)
{
    return Stonewt(s.pounds * n);
}

std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Stonewt & s)
{
	if (s.mode == Stonewt::STONE)
		os << s.stone << "스톤, " << s.pds_left << "파운드\n";
	else if (s.mode == Stonewt::INT_POUND)
		os << (int) s.pounds << "파운드\n";
	else
		os << s.pounds << "파운드\n";
	return os;
}

// stone2.cpp

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
#include "stonewt2.h"

void display(const Stonewt & st, int n);

int main()
{
	Stonewt pavarotti = 275;
	Stonewt wolfe(285.7);
	Stonewt taft(21, 8);

	cout << "테너 가수의 몸무게 : ";
	cout << pavarotti;
	cout << "탐정의 몸무게 : ";
	wolfe.setIntMode();
	cout << wolfe;
	cout << "대통령의 몸무게 : ";
	taft.setDoubleMode();
	cout << taft;
	pavarotti = 276.8;
	taft = 325;
	cout << "저녁 식사를 마친 후 테너 가수의 몸무게 : ";
	cout << pavarotti;
	cout << "저녁 식사를 마친 후 대통령의 몸무게 : ";
	cout << taft;
	display(taft, 2);
	cout << "레슬링 선수는 그보다 더 무겁다.\n";
	display(422, 2);
	cout << "비만은 건강의 최대의 적이다.\n";
	return 0;
}

void display(const Stonewt & st, int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		cout << "와! ";
		cout << st;
	}
}

06

// stonewt3.h

#ifndef STONEWT3_H_
#define STONEWT3_H_

class Stonewt
{
	private:
		enum {Lbs_per_stn = 14};
		int stone;
		double pds_left;
		double pounds;
	public:
		Stonewt(double lbs);
		Stonewt(int stn, double lbs);
		Stonewt();
		~Stonewt();
		friend bool operator<(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b);
		friend bool operator>(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b);
		friend bool operator==(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b);
		friend bool operator!=(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b);
		friend bool operator<=(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b);
		friend bool operator>=(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b);
		void show_stn() const;
		void show_lbs() const;
};

#endif

// stonewt3.cpp

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
#include "stonewt3.h"

Stonewt::Stonewt(double lbs)
{
	stone = int(lbs) / Lbs_per_stn;
	pds_left = int(lbs) % Lbs_per_stn + lbs - int(lbs);
	pounds = lbs;
}

Stonewt::Stonewt(int stn, double lbs)
{
	stone = stn;
	pds_left = lbs;
	pounds = stn * Lbs_per_stn + lbs;
}

Stonewt::Stonewt()
{
	stone = pounds = pds_left = 0;
}

Stonewt::~Stonewt()
{
}

bool operator<(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b)
{
	if (a.pounds < b.pounds)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}

bool operator>(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b)
{
	if (a.pounds > b.pounds)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}

bool operator==(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b)
{
	if (a.pounds == b.pounds)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}

bool operator!=(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b)
{
	if (a.pounds != b.pounds)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}

bool operator<=(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b)
{
	if (a.pounds <= b.pounds)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}

bool operator>=(const Stonewt & a, const Stonewt & b)
{
	if (a.pounds >= b.pounds)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}

void Stonewt::show_stn() const
{
	cout << stone << "스톤, " << pds_left << "파운드\n";
}

void Stonewt::show_lbs() const
{
	cout << pounds << "파운드\n";
}

// stone3.cpp

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
#include "stonewt3.h"

int main()
{
	Stonewt arr[6] = {100, 10, 200};
	Stonewt cmp = 11;		
	int min = 0, max = 0, count = 0;
	double pds;
	for (int i = 3; i < 6; i++)
	{
		cout << i + 1 << "번째는 몇 파운드입니까? : ";
		cin >> pds;
		arr[i] = pds;
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
	{
		if (arr[min] > arr[i])
			min = i;
		if (arr[max] < arr[i])
			max = i;
		if (arr[i] >= cmp)
			count++;
	}

	cout << "최소 원소 : ";
	arr[min].show_lbs();
	cout << "최대 원소 : ";
	arr[max].show_lbs();
	cout << "11스톤보다 큰 원소의 개수 : " << count;
	return 0;
}

07

// complex0.h

#ifndef XXX_H_
#define XXX_H_

class Complex
{
	private:
		double real;
		double imagine;
	public:
		Complex(double r, double i);
		Complex();
		~Complex();
		friend Complex operator+(const Complex & a, const Complex & b);
		friend Complex operator-(const Complex & a, const Complex & b);
		friend Complex operator*(const Complex & a, const Complex & b);
		friend Complex operator*(double mul, const Complex & a);
		Complex operator~();
		friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Complex & c);
		friend std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is, Complex & c);
};

#endif

// complex0.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "complex0.h"

Complex::Complex(double r, double i)
{
	real = r;
	imagine = i;
}

Complex::Complex()
{
	real = 0.0;
	imagine = 0.0;
}

Complex::~Complex()
{
}

Complex operator+(const Complex & a, const Complex & b)
{
	return Complex(a.real + b.real, a.imagine + b.imagine);
}

Complex operator-(const Complex & a, const Complex & b)
{
	return Complex(a.real - b.real, a.imagine - b.imagine);
}

Complex operator*(const Complex & a, const Complex & b)
{
	return Complex(a.real * b.real - a.imagine * b.imagine, 
		a.real * b.imagine + a.imagine * b.real);
}

Complex operator*(double mul, const Complex & a)
{
	return Complex(mul * a.real, mul * a.imagine);
}

Complex Complex::operator~()
{
	return Complex(real, -imagine);
}

std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Complex & c)
{
	os << "(" << c.real << ", " << c.imagine << "i)";
	return os;
}

std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is, Complex & c)
{
	std::cout << "실수부를 입력해주세요 : ";
	if (!(is >> c.real))
		return is;
	std::cout << "허수부를 입력해주세요 : ";
	is >> c.imagine;
	return is;
}

// usecomplex.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "complex0.h"

int main()
{
	Complex a(3.0, 4.0);
	Complex c;
	cout << "하나의 복소수를 입력하십시오 (끝내려면 q) : \n";
	while (cin >> c)
	{
		cout << "c = " << c << '\n';
		cout << "공액복소수 = " << ~c << '\n';
		cout << "a = " << a << '\n';
		cout << "a + c = " << a + c << '\n';
		cout << "a - c = " << a - c << '\n';
		cout << "a * c = " << a * c << '\n';
		cout << "2 * c = " << 2 * c << '\n';
		cout << "하나의 복소수를 입력하십시오 (끝내려면 q) : \n";
	}
	cout << "프로그램을 종료합니다.\n";
		return 0;
}